The Science of Rocket Launches: Physics Behind Space Travel

Rockets rely on Newton’s Third Law—every action has an equal and opposite reaction—for liftoff.

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Rockets must reach escape velocity (around 11.2 km/s) to overcome Earth’s gravity and enter space.

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Multi-stage rockets shed parts as fuel is used, making the rocket lighter and easier to accelerate.

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Rockets use either solid or liquid fuel, with each type having unique advantages for different stages.

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Once rockets escape Earth’s gravity, they enter orbit by moving fast enough to counteract the pull of gravity.

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The high speed of reentry creates friction and heat, so rockets need heat shields to protect them.

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Rocket shape and structure are designed to minimize air resistance during ascent, improving efficiency.

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